The
Museum shows the life of the Bulgarians during the Revival. Here was
located the school, the church, the library and the municipality of the town
till 1878.
The school was established on August 12, 1860. It was situated in a private
house, but on July 25, 1862 it was moved into a special built edifice. The
two brothers Cyril and Methodius who written the Bulgarian-Slavic alphabet
were its patrons. On February 14, 1865 a priest named Konstantin Danovski
sanctified the school’s ground floor as the first Bulgarian church in the
town. In 1866 an independent Girl’s high School opened in Varna, later it
was moved into one of the central schools halls. In 1959 the edifice was
transformed into a museum – the Museum of the Bulgarian Revival.
On the first
floor of the museum the visitors can see a restored classroom with sandy
desks where the children have learned how to write. These orders of praise
and the black boards of reprobation meant to excite the interest of the
pupils. The original blackboard with the alphabet has been preserved too. Near the
classroom one can see the church of “Saint Archangel Mihail” with some very
interesting icons.
On the second floor there is an exposition with some
original manuscripts and ancient editions from the 18th and 19th Century.
There are engravings from the 19th C., the lock of the city gates, as well as some
antique weapons from the 18th and 19th C. and burial finds of the
perished in the Russian – Turkish war.
There is an
exhibition ”Ancient Varna in pictures” which reveals the unique atmosphere of
the town from the 19th and the beginning of the 20th Century. An impressive exhibition shows the struggle for religious enlightenment,
national independence
and the epic battles during the Russian-Turkish War of Liberation.
On November 8, the
Bulgarian Orthodox Church reveres the memory of the Holy Angels and in
particular that of St. Michael, the Archangel, leader of the Heavenly Armies
against the spirits of evil and darkness. In Bulgarian church and
popular calendars, the Day of St. Michael, the Archangel, is the second
biggest autumnal holiday, after the Day of St. Dimitar (Dimitrius), on
October 26.
Every person has their
guardian angel that prays to God for them, protects them from evil,
advises them on good acts, brings home good thoughts, and grieves for
them when they transgress and forget God’s commandments. There used to
be seven angels standing at God’s Heavenly Throne.
One of them, called Dennitza, became so conceited that God expelled him and in his downfall,
Dennitza carried many other spirits with him. Hence, the world was
divided in two: good and evil.
St. Michael, the Archangel took the lead of the army of angels who
remained loyal to the forces of good. That is why Christians revere him
so much. He is the symbol of good, justice and light. He carries within
him the power that ennobles spirits, and that is why his icon
representations depict him as holding a spear in his hand, while
stamping on the devil with his feet.
St. Michael the Archangel is the patron saint of the dead, and on his
day Holy
Liturgy
is read and water sprinkled everywhere for health. The Saturday,
preceding St. Michael’s Day, is a big occasion to pay tribute to the
dead, and is best known as All Souls Day. It is considered the last
meeting of the souls of the dead before winter falls, as those souls are
believed to spend the long winter months away from the Earth. The
rituals of laying a common table and the church service both aim at
asking mercy from the Saint to send easy death unto worshippers.
In their prayers, Christians are simply seeking protection using
the words, “ Saint Angel, thou that God hath given me, deliver me from
evil, and save me from grief!”
Popular belief has it
that when a dying person smiles, St. Michael the Archangel holds out a
golden apple to them. If one dies in convulsions, then they are to face
a bitter cup. Ordinary people used to believe St. Michael was just and
compassionate. There is a Bulgarian folk tale about St. Michael asking
God for the life of a pauper, so as not to orphan his offspring. On some
iconographic depictions he is holding a balance in his hands, weighing
people’s sins. In his honour, worshippers boil mutton as offering in the
hope of good health and heavenly protection, or bake special ritual
bread, handed out to family and kin to remember the dead. By paying
tribute to the dead, the living ask actually for the spirits’ assistance
in earthly matters. Many villages across Bulgaria mark the Day of St.
Michael, the Archangel by inviting everyone to sit at a single table. It is
also the name day for all those who bear the Christian names Angel, Anghel,
Michael, Mikhail, Mihail, Ranghel, Rayna, Radka, Milka, etc.